Basic assumptions: - Negotiating is controlled by egocentric self-interest - The underlying motivation is competitive/antagonistic - Limited resources are available and are zero-sum - This negotiation does not affect the future - The goal is to win as much as you can, especially more than the other side Communication patterns: - Make high opening demands and concede slowly - Try to maximize tangible resource gains, within the limits of the current dispute - Exaggerate the value of concessions that are offered - Use threats, confrontations, argumentation, forceful speaking - Conceal and distort information - Manipulate people and the process by distorting intentions, resources, and goals - Try to resist persuasion on issues - Focus on quantitative and competitive goals rather than relational goals Disadvantages - Can hurt relationships, with mistrust, anger, breakdowns, communication distortions... - Blocks creative exploration & potential joint gains - Payoffs of competitive actions are often overestimated - Encourages brinkmanship (impasses) - May undermine implementation (commitment vs. compliance)
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