Assumptions: - Parties have both diverse and common interests - Common interests are valued and sought - The negotiation process can result in both parties gaining something - The negotiating world is controlled by enlightened self-interest - Interdependence is recognized and enhanced - Limited resources do exist, but they can usually be expanded through cooperation & creativity - The goal is a mutually agreeable solution that is fair to all parties Follett examples of integrative solutions - window in library and two sisters with one orange - obtained by understanding interests, rather than arguing for positions Places value on relationship, requires trust, relies on good disclosure of relevant information Communication patterns: - Collaborative tactics such as: non-evaluative descriptive statements, disclosing statements, honest inquiry, requesting feedback, supportive remarks, concessions, accepting responsibility - Brainstorm creative new options to meet everyone's needs, expand the pie - Use of nonspecific compensation (pay off in other ways for concession here) - Logrolling (identify & try to deal with top-priority issues for each) - Bridging (invent new options to meet the other side's needs) - Minimize costs to the other for going along with you Disadvantages: - May pressure an individual to compromise and accommodate in ways not in his/her best interests - Avoids confrontational strategies (which can be helpful at times) - Increases vulnerability to deception & manipulation by a competitive opponent - Makes it hard to establish definite aspiration levels & bottom lines - Requires substantial skill and knowledge of the process - Requires strong confidence on one's perceptions regarding the interests and needs of the other side... Three Criteria for a Negotiation Method: 1. Produce a "wise" agreement, if agreement is possible (i.e., n agreement that wisely reconciles the parties' interests) 2. Efficient 3. Improve or at least not damage relationship - Bargaining over positions goes against all three - Being nice is no answer
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